PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A FOCUS ON LIFESTYLE CHANGES A FOCUS ON LIFESTYLE CHANGES Section Articles

Abstract

ype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern characterized by insulin

resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. This study employed a systematic review

methodology, analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published

between 2015 and 2024. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science,

using keywords such as “T2DM prevention,” “lifestyle intervention,” “diet,” and “physical

activity.” The review highlights that lifestyle interventions can reduce the incidence of T2DM

by 40–58% among at-risk individuals. For example, participants in the U.S. Diabetes

Prevention Program who achieved a 5–7% reduction in body weight and 150 minutes of weekly

physical activity saw a 58% reduction in diabetes onset compared to the placebo group. The

findings underscore the effectiveness and scalability of evidence-based lifestyle strategies for

T2DM prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries facing a rising diabetes

burden.